The New Indian Express Reviews Bad Money, Calls It Brave and Brilliant


The New Indian Express has reviewed my book Bad Money.

It has this to say about the book.

Kaul’s book is brave and brilliant, and must be made mandatory reading for all.

Kaul’s Bad Money is never less than engrossing.”

You can read the complete review here.

The book is available at all major bookstores all across India.

You can also buy it on Amazon. 

 

2020 — A New Beginning

Many of you have read my writing across newspapers, magazines and websites, for close to 18 years now. Unfortunately, that model of the media where writers like me wrote and media houses paid, has more or less totally unravelled.

But that’s no excuse to write less. One’s got to keep writing to cut through the clutter.

Hence, I have decided to write and publish stuff regularly on my website.

Please subscribe and get what I write directly in your mailbox.

The idea as always is to write on economics, finance and the broad contours of managing money (no stock recommendations), in a simple, lucid and jargon-free style.

Basically, the kind of stuff that the mainstream media makes a mess of on most days, even if they do try.

The website will be a one-stop shop for understanding economics, finance and investing, beyond media headlines and WhatsApp forwards.

I will say it the way I see it.

Of course, there will be an odd piece on cinema, cricket or anything else that catches my fancy (maybe Urdu poetry and the city of Ranchi).

Over the next few months, I plan to explore other mediums of communication as well, depending on how well this goes.

Finally, this needs your support.

What Happened When Journalist Sonia Dahilya Lost Her Job & Went to Meet Sri Sri Sri Baba Just Dev

newspaper(On most days Vivek Kaul makes a living writing on economics and finance. What follows is a figment of his imagination).

Journalist Sonia Dahilya had just got a call from her boss of many years. And she had been fired.

Just like that, her job of 20 years with The Spiritual Express, a weekend supplement of a large selling daily newspaper, had gone in a few seconds.

Not knowing what to do she decided to go visit her guru, Sri Sri Sri Baba Just Dev. Being a journalist who had helped build Baba’s profile over the years, she was able to cut through the queue and go straight to the beginning of the line.

A little birdie told us this is how their conversation went.

“Baba…,” she wailed taking off her mask, as soon as she saw him.

“I know bachcha,” he replied, with Sonia’s boss, who was also a bhakt, having called and given him an advance warning.

“What happened Baba? Why did I lose my job?”

“You know I stopped the Sant Kanti toothpaste ads to The Spiritual Express.”

“But why Baba? You didn’t like the last profile I did of you riding on your new motorbike? We even got a drone shot of you riding the bike through the ghats.”

“No, no, no… That was a lovely profile. Even Basu Judeo Baba called and congratulated me. He even asked, how did I manage to get such plugs done. Pity, he is still building his Fast Moving Consumer Good Business and can’t advertise much. Also, his TV channel doesn’t have the same kind of reach as mine.”

“Then why Baba?”

“Oh, sales of Sant Kanti toothpaste have totally collapsed. No cashflow you see.”

“Why?”

“I don’t know. Maybe people are just staying at home during the lockdown and not brushing their teeth.”

“These men I tell you,” Sonia thought, remembering how her partner of many years had been behaving over the last few weeks.

“But Baba Soulgate continues to advertise,” Sonia said. “And I have to say that toothpaste looks, smells and tastes, so much better.”

Arre they are foreign MNCs. They have deep pockets,” Baba replied, ignoring the comment on the quality of his product.

“But Baba you also don’t have to pay taxes on your earnings…”

“Ehhh… Let’s not go there. I have other expenses.”

“But Baba, why me?” she asked. “They could have also fired that Aishwariya na… Just sits there all day and keeps promoting your competition.”

“My competition?” Baba Just Dev asked reacting as if this was news to him.

Arre that Basu Judeo Baba.”

“Oh, that NKOTB…”

“NKOTB?”

“New Kid on the Block. For a journalist, you tend to terribly outdated on the latest lingo.”

“Sorry Baba, I am just stressed. Need to have a grilled Nutella banana sandwich along with an organic strawberry shake made in almond milk, as soon as I get back home and get some sugar into my system.”

“Here’s the thing. I have coined a new slogan for my bhakts.”

“What’s that Baba?”

Jo karega, zaroori nahi wohi bharega (He who does, will not necessarily be the one who faces the consequences),in line with the capitalism of our times.

“That’s such a philosophical thing to say Baba. Will be a huge hit with everyone who loses their jobs in the aftermath of covid-19 and is looking to blame someone else for it.”

“You know one does need to constantly keep realigning the value proposition on offer in line with the zeitgeist of the times.”

“Of course, Baba.”

“Which is why I thought let me start with you,” Baba said. “You are one of my original bhakts after all.”

“Thank you, Baba.”

“I am there for you bachcha.”

“Baba, what about my job?” Sonia asked.

“Oh, I have arranged one for you already.”

“I knew, I could count on you Baba.”

“I have spoken to the IT cell. They need an English language editor and could do with some better grammar. They are willing to match your current CTC, with weekends off.”

“Thank you, Baba. I am so thrilled. You know, I had gone to the Amalfi Coast in Italy last year and the EMI for that holiday loan is still on.”

“No, no, I don’t want recovery agents landing up at your door. They can be a nasty bunch. You would know, I had some experience in that line, before I found nirvana.”

“Anything I can do for your Baba?”, Sonia asked, as a matter of courtesy, before taking her leave.

“Oh, yes. I want you to continue ghost writing my columns,” he said. “You just know how to emotionally connect with my bhakts and loosen up their purse strings, like no one else does.”

“Of course, Baba.”

******

Sonia Dahilya took on a job of an editor with the IT cell.

A few days later she was fired with no reason being offered for it. Baba later told her off the record that her good grammar was making their WhatsApp forwards of the IT cell less believable and there had been a huge drop in sharing rates.

******

Ranchi is Running to Stand Still

FIRAYALAL

January 21, 1994.

Govinda is the reigning kind of the Hindi film industry. His latest film Raja Babu has just arrived.

The first day first show is playing at the Sujata Cinema, the biggest movie theatre in Ranchi, at that point of time. I happen to be there along with a bunch of friends.

It’s around one PM. The house-full crowd is rather subdued. The movie has dragged on for nearly two hours.

And then as often happened in David Dhawan movies, Govinda and Karishma Kapoor, the heroine of the movie, for no rhyme or reason whatsoever, start to dance to a song.

The song on which they are dancing, happens to be sarkaaye leyo khatiya jaada lage, one of the biggest hits of the 1993 and 1994. The crowd at Sujata Cinema is in raptures. There are whistles and catcalls and people are dancing in the aisles. The paisa vasool movement for which many of whom had lined up at eight AM in the morning for an 11AM show, has come.

December 21, 2018.

It’s a cold and a hazy December morning. I happen to be in Ranchi for the 25th anniversary celebrations of the class of 1993 of St. Xavier’s School. Not much is scheduled for the day with the festivities starting only in the late evening. There is time to kill.
Carnival Cinema, one of the many multiplexes to have opened up in the city, since I left it in late 1999, is playing Shah Rukh Khan’s latest release Zero. I walk in and buy a ticket which costs Rs 150. In 1994, a dress circle ticket at Sujata Cinema, cost Rs 11, the most expensive in the city back then. The popcorn cost two bucks more.

SRK in 2018, does everything that Govinda did in 1994, except for singing a double meaning song. He sings. He dances. He tries to woo the heroines. He even goes to Mars. But all this doesn’t impress the audience.

There is no whistling. No catcalls. And no dancing in the isles. All I get to hear is intermittent clapping of the kind the 1994 audience indulged in, when it was bored.

The cinema audience has been gentrified.

*****

In 1999, Ranchi did not have a single multiplex. Now, the big multiplex chains, PVR, Carnival, Fun Cinemas etc., all have presence in the city. The heydays of single screen cinemas is over.

Sujata Cinema (now known as Sujata Picture Palace) is a shadow of its former self. Shree Vishnu Cinema, the one closest to St. Xavier’s College in Ranchi, where I studied, is now a hotel.

It’s at Shree Vishnu Cinema, I realised how big a star Mamata Kulkarni was in the 1990s. When she sang Chudiyan Bajaoongi, Prem Dhun Gaoongi, on the big screen, an entire generation was mesmerised. And then she disappeared from public memory, as if she had never been there.

Sandhya Cinema is now SRS Cinema. Vasundhara Cinema, where Nadiya Ke Paar, the original Hum Aapke Hain Koun, ran for all of 52 weeks, has been broken down and in its place stands a tower.

Capitalism has killed all the places where I built the best memories of my growing up years.

Of course, like any other small city in India, Ranchi had a couple of theatres which only showed adult movies; Mini Sujata and Plaza. While, for an average Indian, roti, kapada aur makaan, still remains an issue, we have no such problems when it comes to cheap bandwidth. Watching porn, which used to be a community activity in a public space, is a very individual activity carried out in the privacy of a home. Ranchi is no different on that front.

*****

I walk out of Carnival Cinema, on to Ranchi’s main road, which is rather imaginatively called, the Main Road (The official name of the road is Mahatma Gandhi road,  but try asking for directions using that name).

Right opposite Carnival Cinema stands GEL Church Shopping Complex. Back in the 1990s, this was closest that Ranchi had to a mall. Rather ironically, it was owned by the Church (the Gossner Evangelical Lutheran (GEL) Church to be very precise). It’s here that I was hanging out sometime in 1995 or 1996 perhaps, that I discovered Altaf Raja singing Tum to Thehre Pardesi.

A cassette shop was playing the song in a loop. When I got into the shop to buy the cassette, I was told there was huge demand for the cassette and hence, it was selling at a premium, in black. I paid Rs 25 for a twenty rupee cassette.  There’s nothing to be surprised about here, we were still in the 1990s, when, even music cassettes sold in black.

Ranchi had a whole host of cassette shops at that point of time with Chawla Radio being one of the most famous of the lot. Of course, no one buys cassettes or for that matter music anymore. And the record for Tum to Thehre Pardesi being the highest selling non-film Hindi album of all time, still stands. Many of the erstwhile cassette shops have either shutdown or moved on to selling electronic products, everything from TVs to mobile phones. The free market has been at work.

*****

The GEL Church Shopping Complex housed Ranchi’s most famous restaurant Kaveri. I walk into the restaurant and order an American Choupsey and a Paneer Chilli, dishes that I used to feast on, back in the 1990s. The Paneer Chilli is still as divine as it used to be. It will be fair to say, I have eaten better American Choupsey at other places, since then.

While Kaveri is still going strong and even has branches, there are other popular restaurants which have sprung up in the city. A small survey among the locals tells me that the Yellow Sapphire, Breaking Bread, Nirvana and Prana, are quite popular in the city these days.

The other thing that has happened on the food front, is the rise of branded Litti and Chokha stalls, led by the famous Bhola Litti, an eating joint many of my friends swear by. Bhola’s litti is made in ghee and the dough is mixed with curd to soften it. With this, what used to be poor man’s food has been turned into a middle class delight. What do they say about India and jugaad?

Also, Ranchi has proper shopping malls these days, with the Nucleus Mall being the most popular mall of them all.

The city barely had a culture of eating out in the 1990s. Things have changed on this front. The economic growth since 1991 has clearly helped. But more than that Ranchi becoming the capital of the state of Jharkhand in 2000, has played a greater role.
This has had other benefits as well than just people earning more and eating out more often. The roads in the city are much better than they used to be.

I grew up on Kanke Road, the road which ultimately ends in Kanke, where the Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi’s famous mental asylum is located. The road used to be full of potholes and a section of the road was famously referred to as Kharkhardiya Chowk, for the infinite-number of potholes it used to have. All that has disappeared now.

The highway to Patratu, of which Kanke Road is a part, can give any national highway a run for its money on the quality front, and so can the beauty of the drive. The city now also has a ring road to ease the traffic congestions within the city. Old timers say that it used to be possible to move from one end of Ranchi to another in 20-30 minutes. Now it can even take up to two hours. The traffic and the city have both expanded.

The power situation in the city has also improved considerably. The story that one used to here in the 1990s was that the power produced in the power plants of Jharkhand was largely transmitted to north Bihar (now just Bihar). Now the city gets its fair share of power.

The Ranchi I grew up in was constantly facing load shedding. In May 1992, the city saw a 15-day power cut. The power lines from the Patratu Power Plant which supplied power to the city were pulled down due to strong winds and it took more than two weeks for the situation to come back to normal.

*****

I soon see a Café Coffee Day (CCD), in the Capitol Hill building, right opposite where the Ratan Cinema, another single screen theatre, used to be.

A quick Google search tells me Ranchi now has six CCDs. At least, for those who can spend money, dating and hanging out with friends, is now easier. When I was a student of St. Xavier’s College, hanging out meant standing in front of the tea stall outside college, having tea and smoking (for those who did) and watching the world pass by.

Of course, we had ample time back then to waste, with the Ranchi University session running a year late, and a three year graduation taking four years to complete. Ranchi University now largely runs on time. This is yet another benefit of the state of Jharkhand being carved out of Bihar.

Before, the situation started to deteriorate in the mid 1980s, Ranchi was the original Kota, sending many students to the IITs, vis a vis its size. The story goes that in the year 1983, 73 students from St. Xavier’s College made it to the IITs. This was a time, when there were just five IITs. The city was clearly punching above its weight. The IIT baton passed from Xavier’s to DAV Jawahar Vidya Mandir (now just Jawahar Vidya Mandir), with many students from the school regularly qualifying for the IITs, through the 1990s. The trend continues.

*****

I continue walking on Main Road, and see many of Ranchi’s iconic shops, from Ved Textiles to Jevar Jewellers to Frontier Fruitstore to Punjab Sweethouse to Wool House.

They all continue to be in existence. Except for perhaps Frontier Fruitstore, they have all had to slightly rejig their business models over the years to continue to be in existence. Take the example of Wool House. This was the shop women went to buy wool to knit sweaters, as did my mother, my grandmother and my aunt. Of course, no one knits sweaters anymore. So, no one buys wool anymore. Wool House, now sells everything from T-Shirts to sweaters to blankets.

Fine Tailoring, the tailoring shop my father and my maternal grandfather swore by, also continues to be in existence. But along with the old there is the new. Big Bazaar, Shoppers Stop, Manyavar, Pantaloons etc., all have a presence in Ranchi. And that’s another benefit of becoming a state capital. The choice available to people has clearly gone up.

But Ranchi continues to be weak on the industry front, though things seem to be gradually changing. The current chief minister Raghubar Das is betting on making Ranchi a textile hub. Arvind Ltd. has a factory in Ranchi.

Also, Ranchi has a software park (STPI), where business are being established. Having said that the IT industry in Ranchi is at its very nascent stage. This is surprising given that the city has excellent weather and a reasonably good education system in place.
But on the whole, like many other cities of its size, Ranchi remains a city where consumption drives consumption. In that sense, the service sector has expanded in the city over the last two decades, with jobs being created in the banking, insurance and retail sector.

Other than this, Ranchi continues to have offices of public sector companies like Central Coalfields Ltd., Central Mine Planning and Design Ltd., Mecon Ltd., Steel Authority of India Ltd., and Heavy Engineering Corporation (HEC). HEC, which used to be the big PSU operating out of Dhurwa, on the outskirts of Ranchi, has shrunk in size over the years. The turnover of the company was around Rs 683 crore as of 2012-2013. It has since shrunk to Rs 399 crore as of March 2018.

*****

As I keep walking on the Main Road another major change really hits me in the face. The cycle rickshaws have more or less gone and have been replaced by the Chinese e-rickshaws. The rickshaw pullers are rickshaw pullers because they can’t do anything else. And now they can’t even pull rickshaws. I am not being a Luddite here but changing technology does push out a generation or two out of business, something we really can’t do much about.

My walk ends at Firayalals, Ranchi’s most visible landmark, right opposite the Albert Ekka Chowk. Firayalals’ was Ranchi’s original Shoppers Stop, where people went to buy clothes of different kinds. But more importantly, it had two shops selling softy, right at its entrance, Fun n Food and Vishnees.

I have somehow always favoured Vishnees. I order a chocolate softy. In my mind, it is the best softy I have ever had. Only when I start eating it, do I realise it’s probably a vanilla softy mixed with some chocolate powder. But the nostalgia at that moment is so strong that I am in no position to throw the softy and end up licking it to my complete satisfaction. Even a Häagen-Dazs ice cream could not have provided me with the same satisfaction at that moment.

As I stand at Firayalals, I can see the Paramveer Chakra winner Albert Ekka’s statue before me. It’s around five thirty in the evening. The sun has set. And it’s gradually getting dark. The traffic is at its worst. Scooters. Motorcycles. Cars. Chinese e-rickshaws. All mixed up.

From the corner of my eye, on the left hand side of Ekka’s statue, I see a hoarding featuring Mahindra Singh Dhoni advertising one of the many brands that he does.

Ranchi has changed in many ways over the last twenty years. I have talked about better roads, better power, and probably even more job opportunities, with the rise of the private sector. But Ranchi’s biggest change in two decades has been Dhoni.

When I left the city in 1999, the world hadn’t heard about him. I had. But I had no idea that he would become the legend he eventually did. A city which was largely known for its mental asylum and for being a quasi-hill station for the Bengali Bhadralok, was put on the World Map, by a freak who batted, kept and captained, the way he did.
And a freak like Dhoni, could have only come up in a city like Ranchi, which loved cricket,  but barely had any conventional cricket coaching available, ensuring he kept batting the way he did.

Dhoni has been Ranchi’s biggest change in the last twenty years. Without him doing what he did, I wouldn’t be writing this piece. And India would have lost out on so much pleasure,  without him bursting on to the scene.

(Vivek Kaul is the author of the Easy Money trilogy. He was born and brought up in Ranchi.)

Will Low Inflation Spur the RBI to Cut the Repo Rate?

credit deposit ratio                                                   Source: Reserve Bank of India

In December 2018, consumer price inflation came in at an 18-month low of 2.19%. After this, the government expects the monetary policy committee (MPC) of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to cut the repo rate when it meets next, in early February.  Repo rate is the interest rate at which RBI lends to banks.

Why does the government expect the RBI to cut the repo rate?
The finance minister Arun Jaitley recently said: “We can’t have real interest rates higher than anywhere in the world”. Real interest rates are basically interest rates adjusted for inflation. If the interest rate on a one year fixed deposit is 6.8%, then the real interest rate works out to 4.61% (6.8% interest minus 2.19% inflation). The government hopes that once the RBI cuts the repo rate, the banks will cut their deposit rates and their lending rates as well. At lower interest rates people will borrow and spend more, companies will borrow and expand. This will benefit the economy.

What’s the problem with this argument?
A major reason why consumer price inflation has been low is because of low food inflation In December 2018, it was in a negative territory (-2.51%). RBI has no control over food inflation. Given this, let’s look at just core inflation (inflation after leaving out food and fuel items). In December 2018, it stood at 5.48%. If we take this rate of inflation into account, then the real rate of interest no longer remains one of the highest in the world, as the finance minister had said. It is at 1.32% (6.8% interest minus 5.48% inflation).

So, basically inflation exists beyond food items?
In December 2018, housing prices went up by 5.32%. Health costs were up 9.02%, whereas education costs went up by 8.38%.

Let’s say the MPC cuts the repo rate, will banks pass on the cut?
Take a look at the accompanying chart. The credit deposit ratio (non-food credit) of banks as on January 4, stood at 77%, after peaking at 77.9%, a fortnight before. Basically, once we take into account a statutory liquidity ratio of 19.25% (the proportion of deposits a bank needs to invest in government securities) and the cash reserve ratio of 4% (the proportion of deposits a bank needs to maintain with the RBI), the banks are already lending out their deposits full tilt.

Which are the sectors leading the lending?
In November 2018, lending to the services sector went up 28.1%, whereas lending to retail went up 17.20%. Even industrial lending growth hit a two-year high of 4%, with lending to medium-level industry growing 11%. Sector wise details are available only up to November. The growth rates in December would have been even faster. In this scenario, banks will need more deposits to keep funding the increase in lending. So, are they really in a position to cut interest rates?

This originally appeared in the Mint on January 21, 2019.